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The Old City of Shanghai (), also formerly known as the Chinese city, is the traditional urban core of Shanghai, China. Its boundary was formerly defined by a defensive wall. The Old City was the county seat for the old county of Shanghai. With the advent of foreign concessions in Shanghai, the Old City became just one part of Shanghai's urban core but continued for decades to be the seat of the Chinese authority in Shanghai. Notable features include the City God Temple which is located in the center of the Old City and is connected to the Yuyuan Garden. With the exception of two short sections, the walls were demolished in 1912, and a broad circular avenue built over the former wall and moat: the southern half was named the "Zhonghua Road" and the northern half the "Minguo Road" (together making up "''Zhonghua Minguo''", or "Republic of China" in Chinese). (The northern half was renamed "Renmin Road" ("People's Road") in 1950 by the new Communist government of Shanghai). The Old City was for decades largely coterminous with the old Nanshi District, which is now part of Huangpu District. ==Fortifications== There may have been some sort of defensive works around the county seat of Shanghai from the 11th century.〔 The city wall which survived until the 20th century and parts of which remain to this day was, however, built in 1554 during the Ming Dynasty, in order to protect the town from raids by Japanese pirates. It measured high and in circumference.〔''Shanghai on Strike: The Politics of Chinese Labor'' by Elizabeth Perry p.15 ()〕 There were originally six land gates (over roads) built into the structure, and three water gates (over canals): A protective moat surrounded the wall, wide and deep, which was accessed though three "Water Gates" (two in the east, one in the west).〔Dàjìng Gé Pavillon permanent exhibit〕 In 1860 a new gate was created, the "New Northern Gate" (新北門 or 障川門). In 1909, three new gates were pierced: * the Small Western Gate (小西門 or 尚文門) * the Small Northern Gate (小北門 or 拱辰門) * the New Eastern Gate (新東門, 福佑門).〔 File:Shanghai walled city, Ming.jpeg|The walled city of Shanghai during the Ming Dynasty. File:Shanghai walls of the Old City.jpg|Shanghai walls of the Old City. File:Ancient view of Dajingge.jpg|Ancient view of Dajing Ge. File:Picture of the old city of Shanghai.jpg|Picture of the old city. File:Outside moat of the Old City of Shanghai.jpg|Outside moat of the Old City. The Old City walls were dismantled in 1912 by General Chen Qimei, then new Governor of Shanghai.〔〔''The concrete dragon: China's urban revolution and what it means for the world'' Thomas J. Campanella p.63 ()〕 Apart from two small preserved sections, the walls were demolished in 1912, and a broad circular avenue built in the place of the wall and moat. The northern half of the circular road was completed in 1913. To celebrate the founding of the Republic of China in 1912, and because the road formed the boundary between the Chinese city and the French Concession, the road was named the ''Boulevard des Deux Republiques'' (literally "Boulevard of the Two Republics"), or ''Fa-Hua Minguo Lu'' in Chinese (literally "French and Chinese Republics Road"), and often shortened to "Minguo Lu" (or "Republic Road"). In 1914, the southern part of the circular road was completed, and named ''Zhonghua Lu'' (literally "China Road"). Together, the customary names of the two roads made up "''Zhonghua Minguo''", or "Republic of China" in Chinese. (The northern half was renamed "Renmin Road" ("People's Road") in 1950 by the new Communist government of Shanghai.) Today only two very small sections remain. The more significant of these includes one of the towers (pavilions) over the gate, and is now the Dajing Ge Pavillon museum. File:Dismantlement of Old City walls.jpg|Dismantlement of Old City walls in 1911. File:Dismantlement of the Shanghai Old City walls.jpg|Dismantlement of the Old City walls in 1912. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Old City of Shanghai」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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